Recurring global outbreaks have intensified the focus on infectious lung disease & pandemic preparedness, where rapid diagnostics, vaccine development, and containment strategies are vital. Respiratory pathogens like influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis continue to strain health systems, demanding stronger surveillance networks and antimicrobial stewardship. Infectious lung disease & pandemic preparedness emphasizes the integration of genomic sequencing, point-of-care testing, and data-driven modeling to guide outbreak response. Preparedness planning now includes hospital capacity mapping, PPE protocols, and ventilation optimization in healthcare settings. Cross-border cooperation and real-time research dissemination proved critical during the COVID-19 pandemic and remain key to mitigating future threats. Equitable vaccine access, proactive healthcare training, and investment in pulmonary infection research are essential for global respiratory resilience.