Understanding the distinct physiological and developmental considerations in pediatric pulmonology is essential for improving care in children with acute and chronic respiratory illnesses. Conditions such as bronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, and pediatric asthma require age-specific diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies. Advances in pediatric ventilatory support, genetic testing for early-onset diseases, and child-adapted pulmonary rehabilitation techniques are creating new pathways for early intervention. Research into neonatal lung development and epigenetic factors contributing to respiratory conditions is gaining momentum. The field of Pediatric Pulmonology is also integrating family-centered care and telehealth innovations, ensuring continuity and quality of treatment in diverse healthcare settings. Ethical challenges in pediatric research, such as informed consent and long-term follow-up, are also being addressed through novel regulatory frameworks. As a result, pediatric lung care is evolving into a precision-guided, longitudinal approach rooted in early risk identification.