Allergic asthma

Allergic asthma is a subtype of asthma triggered by immune system hypersensitivity to environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, mold, or certain foods. In affected individuals, exposure to these allergens initiates an exaggerated immune response in the airways, causing inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, and mucus overproduction. Clinically, allergic asthma manifests with recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, often worsening during allergen exposure or seasonal variations. Family history of atopy, early-life sensitization, and concurrent allergic conditions like eczema or allergic rhinitis are significant risk factors.

Diagnosis of allergic asthma involves a combination of clinical evaluation, pulmonary function testing, and allergy testing, including skin prick tests or specific IgE measurement, to identify triggering allergens. Management focuses on reducing exposure to identified triggers and controlling airway inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators form the backbone of pharmacologic therapy, while rescue inhalers provide rapid relief during exacerbations. For children or adults with severe or persistent allergic asthma, biologic therapies targeting IgE or interleukin pathways have demonstrated significant benefits. Environmental modifications, including air filtration, allergen-proof bedding, and proper cleaning routines, support medical management. Education on trigger avoidance, medication adherence, and early recognition of exacerbations empowers patients to actively participate in care. Comprehensive management of allergic asthma aims to minimize symptom frequency, reduce hospitalizations, and improve long-term lung function and quality of life.