Lung cancer screening

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, often detected at advanced stages when treatment options are limited. Risk is strongly associated with smoking history, exposure to radon, occupational hazards, and air pollution. Early detection is essential to improving survival outcomes, as tumors identified at localized stages can often be treated more effectively. Low-dose CT scanning has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool, particularly for high-risk populations such as long-term smokers or those with a significant pack-year history. Complementary risk stratification strategies, including genetic profiling and biomarker testing, are being explored to refine patient selection.

The concept of lung cancer screening has shifted healthcare from reactive to proactive, with emphasis on saving lives through early intervention. Clinical guidelines now recommend structured programs that combine imaging with smoking cessation support, surveillance protocols, and patient counseling. Multidisciplinary teams of radiologists, pulmonologists, and oncologists coordinate follow-up, ensuring that findings are acted upon swiftly and appropriately. Preventive health campaigns and public education enhance participation and awareness, bridging gaps in access for underserved communities. Emerging technologies such as AI-based image analysis are expected to improve diagnostic accuracy while reducing false positives. By integrating early detection with broader prevention initiatives, these efforts significantly enhance long-term outcomes.