Pulmonary Contusion

Pulmonary contusion is a traumatic lung injury caused by blunt chest trauma, resulting in alveolar hemorrhage and edema without significant laceration. This injury disrupts gas exchange and can progress to hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and complications such as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome if not promptly recognized and managed. Pulmonary contusion care begins with rapid assessment through clinical evaluation, imaging—most commonly chest CT—and monitoring of oxygenation and respiratory status. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on ensuring adequate oxygen delivery, pain control to facilitate effective breathing, and mechanical ventilation in severe cases. Pulmonary contusion management may also involve fluid restriction to prevent worsening edema, while balancing the need for hemodynamic stability. Multidisciplinary involvement of trauma surgeons, pulmonologists, and critical care teams is often required to optimize outcomes. Early mobilization, chest physiotherapy, and careful monitoring for secondary infections contribute to recovery. Unlike penetrating injuries, pulmonary contusion tends to evolve over 24–48 hours, making continuous observation essential to detect delayed deterioration. Advances in trauma care, including protective ventilation strategies and improved imaging techniques, have enhanced survival rates and reduced complications. By integrating supportive therapies, vigilant monitoring, and coordinated trauma care, management of pulmonary contusion aims to stabilize respiratory function, minimize long-term pulmonary impairment, and improve survival in patients with chest trauma.