Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in infants, young children, and older adults with compromised immunity or chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. The virus spreads easily through droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces, leading to widespread seasonal outbreaks worldwide. Symptoms range from mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia, with infants often presenting with wheezing, tachypnea, and poor feeding. Respiratory syncytial virus is also increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to morbidity in elderly populations, where it can exacerbate underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical presentation, supported by laboratory tests like rapid antigen detection or polymerase chain reaction for confirmation. Management is largely supportive, focusing on maintaining hydration, oxygenation, and airway clearance, while severe cases may require hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Preventive strategies are advancing, with monoclonal antibodies now available for high-risk infants and vaccines recently introduced for older adults and pregnant women to protect newborns. Ongoing research continues to explore antiviral therapies and broader immunization strategies to reduce the global disease burden. By integrating early recognition, supportive care, and preventive measures, management of respiratory syncytial virus not only reduces complications and hospitalizations but also plays a crucial role in protecting vulnerable populations and strengthening overall respiratory health outcomes.