Tuberculosis prevention

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but potentially spreading to other organs. Transmission occurs through inhalation of airborne particles from infected individuals. Preventive measures are central to reducing disease incidence. Strategies for tuberculosis prevention include vaccination with BCG where appropriate, early detection and treatment of latent infections, and limiting exposure in high-risk environments. Identifying individuals at greater risk, such as immunocompromised patients, healthcare workers, and people in crowded living conditions, allows for targeted interventions. Early preventive measures help reduce transmission, lower morbidity, and improve overall population health outcomes.

Comprehensive prevention combines public health initiatives, environmental measures, and clinical interventions. Screening programs and contact tracing enable identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis infections before they become active. Improving ventilation in homes and workplaces, educating communities about cough hygiene, and ensuring access to vaccinations contribute to effective risk reduction. Collaboration among healthcare providers, public health organizations, and local communities is essential to maintain consistent preventive practices and support adherence to prophylactic treatments. By integrating these strategies, tuberculosis prevention can significantly reduce outbreaks, protect vulnerable populations, and contribute to better long-term lung health globally.